Psychology

Psychology

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Further information: Outline of psychology and Index of psychology articles

Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. Grounded in scientific method^] psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.

Psychologists explore such concepts as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, phenomenology, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships.While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also applied to understanding and solving problems in many different spheres of human activity. The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical, counseling, or school settings. Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior, and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology

VOCABULARY        

Majority          : mayoritas                   work    : pekerjaan

Problem           : masalah                     motivation : motivasi

Setting             : pengaturan                relationship : hubungan

QUESTION

1. What is psychology?
2. Mention psychology explore concept?
3. What is the psychology knowledge?

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Psychology

The term cognitive psychology came into use with the publication of the book Cognitive Psychology by Ulric Neisser in 1967.
Cognitive psychology focuses on the way humans process information, looking at how we treat information that comes in to the person (what behaviorists would call stimuli), and how this treatment leads to responses.  In other words, they are interested in the variables that mediate between stimulus/input and response/output.  Cognitive psychologists study internal processes including perception, attention, language, memory and thinking.
Typically cognitive psychologists use the laboratory experiment to study behavior.  This is because the cognitive approach is a scientific one.  For example, participants will take part in memory tests in strictly controlled conditions.  However, the widely used lab experiment can be criticized for lacking ecological validity (a major criticism of cognitive psychology).
Cognitive psychology became of great importance in the mid 1950s.  Several factors were important in this:
o Dissatisfaction with the behaviorist approach in its simple emphasis on external behavior rather than internal processes.
o The development of better experimental methods.
o Comparison between human and computer processing of information.
The cognitive approach began to revolutionize psychology in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s, to become the dominant approach (i.e. perspective) in psychology by the late 1970s.  Interest in mental processes had been gradually restored through the work of Piaget and Tolman.  Other factors were important in the early development of the cognitive approach.  For example, dissatisfaction with the behaviorist approach in its simple emphasis on behavior rather than internal processes and the development of better experimental methods. 
http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive.html

VOCABULARY

Behavior              : kelakuan/tindakan                        Important           : penting

Person                  : seseorang                                         approach             : pendekatan

Attention            : perhatian                                          experiment        : penemuan/penelitian

Language             : bahasa

QUESTION

1.      Mention some several factor, why the cognitive psychology became importance?

2.      What is the cognitive psychology focuse?

3.      When the cognitive psychology begin?

Eight Approaches Of Psychology

Eight Approaches Of Psychology — Document Transcript

Approaches in Psychology There are about eight approaches in psychology. 1. Developmental Psychology 2. industrial psychology 3. child psychology 4. educational psychology 5. cognitive psychology 6. social psychology 7. abnormal psychology 8. clinical psychology.

1. DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: What is Developmental Psychology? Developmental psychology is a field of psychology that examines the impact of maturational processes and experience on behavior.

2- Industrial Psychology: What is Industrial Psychology? Industrial and Organizational Psychology is a specialist area that applies psychological knowledge and skills to work, with the aim of improving organizational effectiveness and the quality of work life.

3- Child Psychology: What is Child Psychology? It’s the study in which we study how children grow and issues related with their upbringing, physical and psychological health. More In Child Psychology: Child Development, physical, intellectual, social, and emotional changes that occur from birth to adolescence. Although people change throughout their lives, developmental changes are especially dramatic in childhood.

 4- Educational Psychology: What is Educational Psychology?

Educational Psychology, application of scientific method to the study of the behavior of people in instructional settings. Although the behavior of teachers and students is of greatest interest, educational psychologists also study the behavior of other groups, such as teacher aides, infants, migrants, and the aged.

 5- Cognitive Psychology: What is Cognitive Psychology? It is the scientific study of cognition. Cognition refers to the process of knowing, and cognitive psychology is the study of all mental activities related to acquiring, storing, and using knowledge.

6- Social Psychology: What is Social Psychology? It is the scientific study of how people think, feel, and behave in social situations. This area of specialization draws on two disciplines: sociology, which focuses on groups; and psychology, which centers on the individual

7- Clinical Psychology: What is Clinical Psychology?

It is the branch of psychology devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of people with mental illnesses and other psychological disorders. Clinical psychologists assess and treat a wide range of psychological problems.

. 8- Abnormal Psychology: What is Abnormal Psychology? The definition of the word abnormal is simple enough: deviating from the norm. However, applying this to psychology poses a complex problem: what is normal? Whose norm? For what age? For what culture? Some would simply classify what is quot;goodquot; as normal and what is quot;badquot; as abnormal, but this is a vague and narrow definition and brings up many of the same questions for the definition of quot;goodquot; as does the definition for quot;normalquot;. There are many more ways of determining a more objective reference point.

VOCABULARY

Study              : belajar                        bring                : membawa

Ways               : jalan/cara                   draw                : menggambar/penggambaran

Defenition       : defenisi                     same                : sama

QEUSTION

1.      What is Developmental Psychology?

2.      What is Industrial Psychology?

3.      What is Child Psychology?

4.      What is Clinical Psychology?

5.      What is Abnormal Psychology?

Introduction to Social Psychology Basic Concepts in Social Psychology

Introduction to Social Psychology

Basic Concepts in Social Psychology

The way we perceive ourselves in relation to the rest of the world plays an important role in our choices, behaviors and beliefs. Conversely, the opinions of others also impact our behavior and the way we view ourselves. Social psychology is a branch of psychology concerned with how social phenomena influence us and how people interact with others
Understanding social psychology can be useful for many reasons. First, we can better understand how groups impact our choices and actions. Additionally, it also allows us to gain a greater appreciation for how our social perceptions affect our interactions with other people.
http://psychology.about.com/od/socialpsychology/a/socpsycbasics.htm
Vocabulary :
Behaviour     : perilaku        reason        : alasan
Relation      : hubungan        interaction    : interaksi
Influence     : pengaruh        opinion    : pendapat
World          : dunia            choice        : pilihan
Question
1.    What is social pyschology?
2.    Give one reason to understand psychology?
3.    How is social psychology different from other diciplne?
4.    Why psychology is very important to learned?
5.    What are the major perspectives in social psycology?